As Registered Dietitians and Nutritionists specializing in eating disorders, we want to raise awareness of ARFID—what it is, how it differs from other eating disorders, and how it can be treated.
What is ARFID?
ARFID is an eating disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of avoiding or restricting food intake—not due to concerns about body weight or shape, but often due to:
- Sensory sensitivities (e.g., texture, smell, taste)
- A fear of choking or vomiting
- A general lack of interest in eating
This avoidance can lead to significant nutritional deficiencies, weight loss (or lack of expected weight gain in children), dependence on supplements, and interference with day-to-day functioning.
ARFID Is Not “Picky Eating”
It’s important to note that ARFID goes beyond typical picky eating in children. While many kids have food preferences, those with ARFID may eat so little or such a limited variety that their growth, energy levels, and health are negatively affected.
ARFID can affect people of all ages, including adults, though it often begins in childhood.
Common Signs of ARFID
- Extremely limited food variety
- Avoidance of entire food groups (e.g., all fruits or vegetables)
- Eating very slowly or needing to eat alone due to distress
- Weight loss or poor growth
- Nutritional deficiencies (iron, vitamins, protein, etc.)
- Anxiety or panic when faced with non-preferred foods
ARFID vs. Anorexia
Unlike anorexia, ARFID is not driven by a fear of weight gain or body image issues. This key difference can make ARFID harder to detect—especially in children who are underweight but not expressing concerns about body size. Although it’s important to note that eating disorders can overlap each other, and there can always be multiple factors at play.
What Causes ARFID?
The exact causes vary, but common contributing factors include:
- Sensory processing differences (especially in neurodivergent individuals, such as those with autism or ADHD)
- Traumatic experiences involving food (e.g., choking, vomiting episodes)
- Anxiety disorders
- Gastrointestinal discomfort or medical issues that associate eating with pain
How is ARFID Treated?
Treatment typically involves a multidisciplinary team that may include:
- A therapist (to address fear, anxiety, or trauma)
- A registered dietitian/nutritionist (to support nutritional rehabilitation)
- A physician (to monitor physical health)
- Sometimes, an occupational therapist (especially if sensory issues are prominent)
Therapies often include:
- CBT-AR (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for ARFID)
- Exposure therapy for trying new or feared foods
- Family-based treatment for younger children
Final Thoughts
ARFID is a real and serious eating disorder—but it is treatable. If you or someone you love is struggling with extremely limited eating, nutritional deficiencies, or fear around food, know that help is available.
At Rooted Path Nutrition we specialize in understanding and treating all types of eating disorders, including ARFID. If you’re ready to start your healing journey, we’re here to support you every step of the way.